Abilities are the rules that will trigger based on events that happen within the game. Although some of them are only present on the cards playable by a specific Hero, they still can be played by any Hero if you manage to accquire them in an ongoing game (e.g. Thoughtsteal).
Battlecry
Triggers an action when the minion is first summoned into play.
Charge
Enables the minion to attack on the same turn that it is summoned.
Choose One
Gives the controlling player the ability to choose between two or more effects stated in the card.
Combo
Triggers an effect if you already played another instance of that card this turn.
Deathrattle
An ability that is triggered when the minion dies.
Divine Shield
Absorbs the first source of damage taken by the minion. After that it disappears.
Enrage
While damaged, this minion has a new power.
Freeze
Frozen characters lose their next attack.
Immune
Cannot be damaged.
Overload
You have {X} less mana next turn. (X=number defined on the card)(Effect only activate when played from the hand)
Secret
This card remains hidden until its trigger condition occurs, revealing it and triggering its effect.
Silence
Removes all card text and enchantments.
Stealth
Minions with Stealth may not be the target of attacks, spells or abilities until they attack. Once they do, Stealth is removed.(Minions with stealth will still be affected by AoE spells such as Consecration)
Spell Power
Your spell cards deal {X} extra damage. (X=amount of spell power)
Summon
Creates a creature under your control with the specified attributes.
Taunt
Enemies must attack this minion.(This includes hero weapon attacks) If you choose to attack enemy minions you don't need to kill Taunt minion first.
Transform
Changes a minion into something else irreversibly.
Windfury
Can attack twice each turn.